The historic and present distribution of lions ( Panthera leo ) spans across various regions of Africa and a small pocket in western India. Historically, lions were once widespread throughout Africa, inhabiting diverse ecosystems ranging from savannas and grasslands to woodlands and semi-desert areas. They were also found in parts of the Middle East, including the Arabian Peninsula and some regions of southwestern Asia. Over the course of the 20th century, the lion population experienced a significant decline due to various factors such as habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching. As a result, their historic range has contracted, and lions are now primarily concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. Presently, lions are found in fragmented populations across several African countries, with some of the notable strongholds being in countries like Tanzania, Kenya, Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Conservation efforts, including the establishment of protected areas and initia...