Deforestation in Indonesia affects the long-term loss of forests across much of the nation. Indonesia is home to some of the most biologically diverse forests globally and ranks 3d in biodiversity after Brazil and the DR of Congo. As late as 1900, Indonesia was still a densely forested nation: forests covered 84% of the total land area. Deforestation amplified in the 1970s and has accelerated further. The estimated forest cover of 170 million hectares around 1900 decreased to less than 100 million hectares by the end of the 20th century. Logging to clear land for cultivation has made Indonesia the world's third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, behind China and the U.S. By 2012 Indonesia had exceeded the rate of deforestation in Brazil and become the fastest forest clearing nation globally. But in the past 5 years, the deforestation rate has decreased by 90 percent, from more than one million hectares a year in 2016 to a historic low of 115.5 thousand hectares in 2020. The gove